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背诵10whatisshowninthetableaboveindicatesthatdramaticchangeshavetakenplaceinthepeople'sdailyexpensesinxi'anfrom1995to1999.theexpensesonfoodhavedeclinedby30%whilethoseonclothingandrecreationhaveincreasedrespectivelyby9%and7%.thestatisticsofriseandfallseemtoexistinisolationbutcloselyrelatedtooneanother.therearetwofactorsaccountingforthesechanges.developmentineconomyisanessentialoneinthefiveyears.theincreasedincomeresultingfromeconomicgrowthplaysanimportantpartinthelessexpenseonfood.hence,asmallpercentageoftotalincomeisenoughtocoverfoodexpense.anotheroneisthechangesinlifestyle.whenfoodpresentsnoworrytotheaverage,peoplebegintofocusmoreofinterestonhandsomeappearanceandhappyleisuretime.asaresultofsuchashift,spendingonclothingandrecreationincreasesyearafteryear.fromtheanalysesmadeabove,wemaycometotheconclusionthatpeople'slivingstandardsinxi'anhavebeenconstantlyimprovedbetween1995and1999.withthefurthergrowthineconomyandmorechangesinlifestyle,thetendencyindicatedinthetablewillcontinueinthebetterdirection.
背诵10提纲：(这篇题没给)1.描述图表，现状2.原因3.预测未来图表作文的变体a.writeanessaythatconveystheinformationinthefollowingchart/graph/picture/drawing/cartoonaccompaniedbyyourcomments.(1信息〈具体的描述〉2对信息的看法)b.timelimitc.wordlimit写法：第一段依然是粗线条的描述第二段进行深入细致的描述*图表语言*第三段发表个人的评论第1种分析背后的原因第2种对图表的发展趋势，发表个人的看法第3种一般性的评论(原因、趋势)1.这种提醒考的是科研能力。要会观察现象、看数据，会分析里面的规律性的东西2.考论证的能力。观点是来自数据、图表本身;规律性的东西——观点;数举行的东西——论证支持。3.图表本身暗示者作者的立场。4.一切的一切来源于图表。考科研能力;考语言能力。p15范文一最新大纲样题(2008年)：情景+提纲+图表*图表语言*directions:widespreadtobaccoconsumptionhasledtograveconsequences,yetthetobaccocompaniesstillclaimthattheymakeavaluablecontributiontotheworldeconomy.thereisadiscussioninanewspaperontheabovetwoviewpoints.writeanessaytothenewspaper1)criticizingtheirviewand2)justifyyourstand.inyouressay,makefulluseoftheinformationprovidedinthepicturesprintedbelow.youshouldwriteabout200wordsonanswersheet2.把图看懂，图的导向是什么，以此明确你的立场。背诵11themajorityofpeoplewouldagreethatcigarettesmokinghascausedseriousproblems.butthetobaccocompaniesinsistthattheycontributegreatlytotheworldeconomybypayingtaxestothegovernmentandemployinghundredsofworkers.(当他的情景部分是两个观点，而图表本身又暗示了一个观点，在第一段要点击对方的观点，但是绝对不展开。也不要写的太长。)personally,ibelievethatcigaretteproductionandconsumptionthreatenstodomoreharmthangood.firstly,smokingisresponsiblefor(是造成什么原因)manyfataldiseasessuchaslungcancer,heartdiseasesandsoon.accordingtothesurvey,tobaccoconsumersaccountforabout20%oftheworldpopulation,andamongthem,threemillionpeoplediefromsmoking-relateddiseaseseveryyear.thefactthattheoutputoftobaccoproductionisreducedfrom143.64billionpoundsin1994to142billionpoundsin1995alsosuggeststhatpeoplehavecometorealizethenegativeeffectsofsmoking.secondly,tobaccoconsumptionisextremelywastefulofmoney.asisindicatedinthepictures,200billionusdollarsislostduetosmokingeachyear.obviously,thetotallossofmoneyaroundtheglobesubstantiallyexceeds(大大超过)thegainintheindustry.(*全部来源于数据*仅是描述)表层结构写出来，思考就生成观点。数据就变成论证。(不能这么写)特殊要求：图表语言inconclusion,astheeconomicdevelopmentaimsatmakingourlifebetter,wecannotsacrificeourhealthforshort-termfinancialbenefits.ifwehavetospendmoreandmoremoneyprovidingmedicalservicesforthosewhosufferfromsmoking-relatedillnesses,thenotionofpromotingeconomyviatobaccoproductionisnotjustifiable.itishightimethatwefoughtforthetotaltobaccoban.
背诵11p36范文二十五(比较少见)参看：1920232427(2008年的命题变了一下)directions:a.writeanessaydiscussingthetwooppositeopinionsgivenbelow,givebothsomereasons,andmakeyourcommentsorsuggestions.therearetwomainopinionsconcerningthedevelopmentofprivatecarsinchina:onemaintainsthattheirfreedevelopmentshouldbeencouraged,whiletheotherarguesthatitmustbesternlyrestricted.b.timelimit:40minutesc.wordlimit:about200wordsd.youressaymustbewrittenclearlyonanswersheetⅱ.背诵12shouldthedevelopmentofprivatecarsbeencouragedorrestrictedinchina?tojudgethisissue,weshouldlookatthreeaspects:whataretheadvantagesofprivatecars;whataretheirdisadvantages;andischinareadyforthefreedevelopmentofprivatecars?firstofall,theprivatecarisasymboloffreedom.itenablesanindividualorafamilytotravelanywhereandatanytime,withoutrelyingonpublictransport.itisconvenientforshoppingandtransportingchildrentoandfromschool.moreover,inthecaseofillness,itcancarryitsownerorothersickpersontohospitalwithoutdelay.however,toomanyprivatecarscanleadtotrafficjams,thusslowingdownlifeandworkratherthanspeedingitup.inaddition,automobilesaremajorpollutersoftheatmosphere.and,lastbutnotleast,themorecarsthereareontheroads,themoretrafficaccidentsoccur.itseemstomethatchina,atitspresentstageofdevelopment,shouldrestrictthenumberofprivatecars.foronething,itwouldbeawasteofresourcestobuildahugeautomobileindustryatatimewhenonlyafewpeoplecanaffordtobuycars.foranother,thecountrymustfirstbringpollutionundercontrolbeforeaddingtotheproblemwithmorecars.
背诵12p37范文二十六(比较怪的一道题)参看：2829303132directions:a.title:howtoimproveorreformourcurrentcollegeentranceexaminationsystem.b.timelimit:40minutesc.wordlimit:about200wordsd.youressayshouldbewrittenclearlyonanswersheetⅱ.e.youressayshouldbebasedontheinformationgivenbelow.目前我国高考竞争愈演愈烈。每年考生人数近300万，而录取率在40%以下，多数考生肯定要落选。这给考生、考生的家庭和学校，乃至整个社会，都造成了很大压力，引发了一些社会问题。此外，不同类型或特点的考生用同一模式和难度的试卷，有欠公允;三天的考试成绩便决定一个人的未来命运，亦不够合理。如何解决这些问题，改革现行的高考制度?我的意见是…。(看成三点：1现状2原因3建议措施)背诵13statisticsshowthatnomorethan40%ofpeoplewhotakethecollegeentranceexamspass.becauseacollegeeducationisregardedasthekeytoasuccessfulcareer,thisputsenormouspressureontheapplicants.italsocausessocialproblems,asthosewhofailconsiderthattheyhavedisgracedtheirfamilies.itseemstomethattheexamsareunfair,forthreereasons:first,applicantswithdifferentabilitiesarefacedwiththesametypeofexampaper,second,theresultsofamerethreedaysofexaminationaffecttheapplicant'swholefuture;andthird,applicantswhocanaffordprivatetutorsusuallyscorehighermarksthanthosewhoarepoorer,butperhapsmoreintelligent.toimprovethesystemofcollegeentranceexams,isuggestthefollowingsteps:theexampapersshouldbegradedtotakeintoaccountthedifferentlevelsofabilityandthedifferentbackgroundsoftheapplicants;inadditiontotheactualexam,acompleteassessmentoftheapplicant'seducationalachievementsshouldbemade;andtutoringinexaminationtechniquesshouldbemadeavailabletoall.背诵13themantoremember背诵14perhapsthemostinterestingpersonihaveevermetisanitalianprofessorofphilosophywhoteachesattheuniversityofpisa.althoughilastmetthismaneightyearsago,ihavenotforgottenhisspecialqualities.firstofall,iwasimpressedfromthebeginningbyhisdevotiontoteaching.becausehislectureswerealwayswell=preparedandclearlydelivered,studentsalwaysswarmedintohisclassroom.hisfollowersalsoappreciatedthefactthathebelievedinwhathetaughtandthathewasalwaysstimulating.(引人入胜的)furthermorehecouldbecountedonineveryclasssessiontoexplainhisideasinanimaginativeway,introducingsuchaidstostudentunderstandingasoilpaintings,phonographrecords,piecesofsculpture,andguestlecturers.onceheevensangasonginclassinordertoillustrateapoint.second,iadmiredthefactthathewouldconferwithstudentsoutsideoftheclassroomortalkwiththemonthetelephone.drinkingcoffeeinthesnackbar,hewouldeasilymakefriendswithstudents.sometimeshewouldchallengeastudenttojoinwithhimagameofchess.atothertimes,hewouldquitereadilyjoingroupstodiscusssubjectsrangingfromastronomytoscubadiving.manyyoungpeoplevisitedhiminhisofficeforacademicadvice;otherscametohishomeforsocialevenings.finally,iwasimpressedandattractedbyhislivelywit.hebelievedthatnoclasshourisasuccessunlessthestudentsandtheprofessorshareseveralchucklesandatleastoneloudlaugh.throughhissenseofhumor,hemadelearningmuchmoreenjoyableandlasting.ifitistruethatlifemakesawisemansmileandafoolishmancry,thenmyfriendistrulyawiseman.probablythebestexampleofhiswitisthisideawithwhichheonceendedalecture:”itisasdangerousformantomodelhimselfuponhisinvention,themachine,asitwouldbeforgodtomodelhimselfuponhisinvention.”
背诵14重视语言的表达(实质性的涨分)thereisagrowingconcernoverthestudentswhodonotputtoomuchemphasisonstudy.somestudentsalwaysidleawaytheirtime(消磨时光),playingcards,drinking,gambling.theseproblemsarereallyserious.takingintoaccountallthesefactors,wecansafelycometotheconclusionthatthestudentswillwastemoretimeiftheydonotmakegooduseofit.asastudent,busyasiamwithmystudy,ialsodomanyinterestingthingssuchasreadingnovels,writingarticlesatthetwo-dayweekend.allworknoplaymakesjackadullboy(只工作不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻).itisreallytrue!这些词句就像沙漠中的金子，所谓的金子无非是语言的variety。所谓语言漂亮是指语言的变化。1词的变化：使：makea)thissocietystillmakeswomenunabletoenjoyequalrights.b)womenarestilldeniedequalrights.a)theincidentmademerecalloneofmypastexperiences.b)theincidentremindedmeofoneofmypastexperiences.不仅……而且：notonly…butalsoa)thefactorsforariseinteenagesmokingisnoonlysocialbutalsopsychological.b)thefactorsforariseinteenagesmokingispsychologicalaswellassocial.a)takingapart-timejobcannotonlyearnalittlemoney,butalsohaveanopportunitytocontactwithsociety.b)takingapart-timejobmeansmorethanalittlemoneyyoucanearn.italsomeansanopportunitytocontactwithsociety.a)oldpeoplegotoparknotonlytodoexercisebutalsotomakefriends.b)oldpeoplegotoparkasmuchforcompanionshipasforexercise.人们认为：peoplethink越来越：moreandmorea)moreandmorestudentsfindlearningenglishhasbecomemoreandmoredifficult.b)studentsingrowingnumbersfindlearninghasbecomeincreasinglydifficult.a)moreandmoreteenagerssmokecigarettesinrecentyears.b)teenagesmokingisontheriseinrecentyears.a)moreandmoreteachersaredemandedwiththedevelopmentofeconomy.b)thereisanincreasingdemandforteacherswiththedevelopmentofeconomy.大多数：mosta)moststudentstakeapart-timejobafterclass.b)thevastmajorityofstudentstakeapart-timejobafterclass.a)mostpeopletakepartinsportsofdifferentkinds.b)theconsiderableproportionofpeopletakepartinsportsofdifferentkinds.a)mostcollegestudentstakeanegativeattitudetowardssmoking.b)thelargepercentageofcollegepopulationtakeanegativeattitudetowardssmoking.2句型的变化avarietyofreasonshaveledmetochoosethisoccupationoverothermorelucrativeones.first,teachingislearning.tomakemylecturesmoreinteresting,ihavetoreadmorebooks,explorenewknowledgeandgainabetterunderstandingoftheworld—theverythingiliketodoinmylife.second,teachingmeansfreedom.asateacher,icanfreelyexpressmyopinionsandexplaintheminmyownwaysincenobodywillinterferewithme.finally,iliketeachingbecauseitoffersacertainpeaceofmind.nomorerushingtocatchingamorningbus,nomoreanxietytopleaseaboss,andnomoreworriesaboutbeinglaidoffbecauseyouaregettingold.