陕西-秦始皇陵兵马俑英文导游辞

时间:2021-12-15 23:25:47 大学英语作文

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EmperorQinShihuang'sMausoleumandtheTerra-cottaWarriorsandHorsesMuseum

EmperorQinShihuang(259-210B.C.)hadYingashissurnameandZhengashisgivenname.HenametothethroneoftheQinatage13,andtookthehelmofthestateatageof22.By221B.C.,hehadannexedthesixrivalprincipalitiesofQi,Chu,Yan,Han,ZhaoandWei,andestablishedthefirstfeudalempireinChina'shistory.

Intheyear221B.C.,whenheunifiedthewholecountry,YingZhengstyledhimselfemperor.HenamedhimselfShihuangDi,thefirstemperorinthehopethathislatergenerationsbethesecond,thethirdeventheonehundredthandthousandthemperorsinproperordertocarryonthehereditarysystem.Sincethen,thesupremefeudalrulersofChina'sdynastieshadcontinuedtocallthemselvesHuangDi,theemperor.

Afterhehadannexedtheothersixstates,EmperorQinShihuangabolishedtheenfeoffmentsystemandadoptedtheprefectureandcountysystem.Hestandardizedlegalcodes,writtenlanguage,track,currencies,weightsandmeasures.ToprotectagainstharassmentbytheHunaristocrats.EmperorQinShihuangorderedtheGreatWallbebuilt.Allthesemeasuresplayedanactiveroleineliminatingthecauseofthestateofseparationanddivisionandstrengtheningtheunificationofthewholecountryaswellaspromotionthedevelopmentofeconomyandculture.TheyhadagreatanddeepinfluenceuponChina's2,000yearoldfeudalsociety.

EmperorQinShihuangorderedthebooksofvariousschoolsburnedexceptthoseoftheQindynasty'shistoryandculture,divinationandmedicinesinanattempttopushhisfeudalautocracyintheideologicalfield.Asaresult,China'sancientclassicshadbeendevastatedanddestroy.Moreover,heonceordered460scholarsbeburiedalive.Thoseeventswerelatercalledinhistory“theburningofbooksandtheburyingofConfucianscholars.”

EmperorQinShihuang,forhisownpleasure,conscribedseveralhundredthousandconvictsandwentinforlarge-scaleconstructionandhadoversevenhundredpalacesbuiltintheGuanzhongPlain.Thesepalacesstretchedseveralhundredliandhesoughtpleasurefromonepalacetotheother.Oftennobodyknewwhereherangingtreasuresinsidethetomb,wereenclosedalive.

EmperorQinShihuang'sMausoleumhasnotyetbeenexcavated.Whatlookslikeinsidecouldonlybeknownwhenitisopened.However,thethreepitsoftheterra-cottawarriorexcavatedoutsidetheeastgateoftheouterenclosureofthenecropoliscanmakeoneimaginehowmagnificentandluxuriousthestructureofEmperorQinShihuang'sMausoleumwas.

No.1PitwasstumbleduponinMarch1974whenvillagersofXiyangVillageofYanzhaitownship,LintongCounty,sankawell1.5kmeastofthemausoleum.In1976,No.2and3Pitswerefound20mnorthofNo.1Pitrespectivelyafterthedrillingsurvey.Theterra-cottawarriorsandhorsesarearrayedaccordingtotheQindynastybattleformation,symbolizingthetroopskeepingvigilbesidethemausoleum.Thisdiscoveryarousedmuchinterestbothathomeandabroad.In1975,amuseum,housingthesiteofNo.1andcoveringanareaof16,300squaremeterswasbuiltwiththepermissionoftheStateCouncil.ThemuseumwasformallyopenedtopubliconOct.1,theNationalDay,1979.